What is breast cancer?
Breast cancer is a group of diseases in which cells in the breast grow abnormally. It is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in South Africa and, less commonly, occurs in men. Outcomes have improved substantially over the past two decades because of earlier detection and more precise treatment.
Risk factors
Some risk factors can be modified, others cannot. Being aware of your personal risk profile helps guide screening decisions with your doctor.
- Increasing age
- Family history of breast or ovarian cancer
- Inherited gene changes (for example BRCA1, BRCA2)
- Dense breast tissue
- Long-term hormonal exposure
- Lifestyle factors including alcohol and obesity
Screening and early detection
Regular self-awareness, clinical breast examination and — from the appropriate age — mammography remain the foundation of early detection. Speak to your doctor about when to begin screening based on your personal and family history.
How it is diagnosed
Diagnosis usually involves imaging (mammogram and ultrasound), followed by a biopsy of any suspicious area. The biopsy identifies the cancer type and its hormone receptor and HER2 status, which shapes treatment.
Treatment options
Treatment is planned by a team and typically combines two or more of the following:
- Surgery — breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
- Hormonal (endocrine) therapy
- Targeted therapy for specific tumour types
Questions to ask your oncologist
- Q.What type of breast cancer do I have?
- Q.What stage is it and what does that mean?
- Q.Which treatments do you recommend, and why?
- Q.What are the likely side effects and how will they be managed?
- Q.How will treatment affect my daily life and work?
Speak to our team
Have questions about your own situation?
General information cannot replace a consultation. Contact the practice to discuss your specific diagnosis and treatment options.